http://www.cnblogs.com/xuxm2007/archive/2011/01/17/1937220.html
Python中执行系统命令常见方法有两种：
两者均需 import os
(1) os.system
# 仅仅在一个子终端运行系统命令，而不能获取命令执行后的返回信息
system(command) -> exit_status
Execute the command (a string) in a subshell.# 如果再命令行下执行，结果直接打印出来
>>> os.system( 'ls' ) 04101419778.CHM bash document media py - django video 11.wmv books downloads Pictures python all - 20061022 Desktop Examples project tools (2) os.popen
# 该方法不但执行命令还返回执行后的信息对象
popen(command [, mode='r' [, bufsize]]) -> pipe
Open a pipe to/from a command returning a file object.例如：
>>>tmp = os.popen('ls *.py').readlines()
>>>tmpOut[21]:['dump_db_pickle.py ','dump_db_pickle_recs.py ','dump_db_shelve.py ','initdata.py ','__init__.py ','make_db_pickle.py ','make_db_pickle_recs.py ','make_db_shelve.py ','peopleinteract_query.py ','reader.py ','testargv.py ','teststreams.py ','update_db_pickle.py ','writer.py ']
好处在于：将返回的结果赋于一变量，便于程序的处理。
(3) 使用模块subprocess
import subprocess subprocess.call ([ "cmd" , "arg1" , "arg2" ],shell = True ) 获取返回和输出:
import subprocess p = subprocess.Popen( 'ls' , shell = True , stdout = subprocess.PIPE, stderr = subprocess.STDOUT) for line in p.stdout.readlines(): print line, retval = p.wait() (4) 使用模块commands模块
>>> import commands
>>> dir(commands)['__all__', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', 'getoutput', 'getstatus','getstatusoutput', 'mk2arg', 'mkarg']>>> commands.getoutput("date")'Wed Jun 10 19:39:57 CST 2009'>>>>>> commands.getstatusoutput("date")(0, 'Wed Jun 10 19:40:41 CST 2009')
注意： 当执行命令的参数或者返回中包含了中文文字，那么建议使用subprocess，如果使用os.popen则会出现下面的错误:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./test1.py", line 56, in <module> main() File "./test1.py", line 45, in main fax.sendFax() File "./mailfax/Fax.py", line 13, in sendFax os.popen(cmd)UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 46-52: ordinal not inrange(128)关于本文更多的延伸阅读地址：